Considerations on the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia / 医学研究生学报

As a new infectious disease, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has continued to spread since the end of 2019. It has now been classifiedas a Class B infectious disease, and the preventive and control measures of Class A infectious diseases have been adopted. With reference to the official documents issued by WHO and National Health Commission, PRC and the latest research, this paper discusses the prevention and control of the NCP from its epidemiology, evolutionary sources, prevention and control, and so forth.

Clinical study of application minimally invasive expandable channel in lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion and internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the advantages of minimally invasive expandable in surgery of lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion and internal fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 48 patients who underwent lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion and internal fixation from January 2010 to March 2016 was retrospectively analyzed. According to the admission queue, the patients were randomly assigned into channel group (26 cases) or traditional group (22 cases). In channel group, surgical approach of minimally invasive expandable channel was applied, and in traditional group, open posterior operation approach (including posterior lumbar interbody fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, etc.) was applied. In channel group, there were 20 males and 6 females, aged from 43 to 74 years with an average of(56.6±5.1) years; course of disease was ranged from 4 to 22 months with an average of (6.7±1.8) months; 1 case was complicated with diabetes, 6 cases were complicated with hypertensive disease, and 2 cases were complicated with arrhythmia. In traditional group, there were 15 males and 7 females, aged from 43 to 73 years with an average of(55.9±4.6) years; course of disease was ranged from 4 to 26 months with an average of (6.2±2.1) months; 2 cases were complicated with diabetes, 5 cases were complicated with hypertensive disease, and 1 case was complicated with arrhythmia. Operation time, bleeding volume, and hospitalization time were compared between two groups and visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), bone fusion information, and complications correlated with incision were observed in two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 48 patients were followed up for more than 6 months. Postoperative VAS and ODI were significantly improved (<0.01), but 3 and 6 months after operation, there was no significant difference in VAS between two groups, and ODI score of channel group was lower than that of traditional group(<0.01). Operation time, bleeding volume, hospitalization time in channel group respectively were (167.3±30.2) min, (786.8±147.8) ml, (12.3±2.4) d, and in traditional group were (197.5±48.7) min, (786.8±147.8) ml, (16.5±3.8) d, there was significant differences between two groups. There was no significant difference in fusion rate and fusion time between two groups. There were 4 cases and 7 cases developed incision related complications in channel group and traditional group, respectively. The difference between two groups was significant(<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with conventional surgery minimally invasive lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion and internal fixation has advantages of less trauma, shorter operative time and better functional recovery.</p>

Progress of studies on multidrug resistance in hematological malignancies--review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Chemotherapy remains a major route of intervention in hematological malignancies. However, a key issue in the treatment of hematological malignancies is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapeutic drugs. Several mechanisms may account for this phenomenon, including biochemical mechanisms, such as the overexpression of resistance-conferring proteins and physiological mechanisms involving the hematopoietic microenvironment. In this article the pathomechanism, diagnostic approach, interpretation of results from clinical samples and correlations with hemopoietic microenvironment were briefly reviewed. The aspects of development and problems in MDR study as well as detection methods for MDR were also discussed.

Detection of Schistosomia japonicum 5D gene by polymerase chain reaction and genechip technique / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to develop the diagnostic genechip for specific detection of Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese mainland strain).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Probe and primers were designed based on the Schistosoma japonicum 5D gene encoding an immunogenic miracidial antigen. The probe for the conservative and specific gene sequence was spotted onto the specially treated glass slides by pin-based spotting robot Pixsys 5500 and was employed to make genechips. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was designed to effectively amplify the 5D gene fragment containing the probe sequence from cercaria, egg, adult worm and infected Oncomelania DNA as well as other flukes DNA, respectively. After 35 cycles by PCR, the products were then labeled with fluorescent Cy3-labeled primer, using dissymmetrical PCR. The labeled PCR products of the target genes were hybridized to the diagnostic genechips for detection of Schistosoma japonicum and a fluorescent scanner (ScanArray 3000) was used to observe and record the hybridization signals.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The result obtained from the study showed that a 262 bp DNA fragment was amplified from cercaria, egg and adult worm with the designed primers and enable the genechip be applied to detect a single cercaria, egg and adult worm. When the genechip was used to detect Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciolopsis busk, and Paragonimus westermani DNA, the results showed negative, indicating that the genechip had good specificity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The genchip technique for detection of Schistosoma japonicum was established successfully and having the characteristics of high sensitivity and specificity.</p>

Expression, purification and serological reactivity of a chimeric antigen of GRA6 with P30 from Toxoplasma gondii / 生物工程学报

Major surface protein (p30) and Dense Granule Antigen GRA6 of Toxoplasma gondii have good antigenicity, and could be used for detection of IgM against Toxoplasma gondii. GRA6 may complement P30 to reach more high sensitivity for detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, so, we try to express the chimeric protein of GRA6 and P30 by genetic engineering, identify its antignenicity and use for developing diagnosis reagent. Antigenic domains of p30 and GRA6 of Toxoplasma gondii were screened by analyzing their sequences using the software ANTHEWIN. Two DNA fragments encoding respectively antigenic domains of p30 and GRA6 were cloned, they were inserted into the same expression vector pET28a( + ) and expressed as a chimeric protein in Escherichia coli. BL21(DE3), the expressed chimeric protein of p30 with GRA6 in a form of inclusion body was about 25% of total proteins of E. coli. BL21(DE3). The inclusion body was washed once with 0.5% Triton X-100 and dissolved with 0.5% SKL, after renaturation by gradient dialysis, the recombinant protein was purified by DEAE-Sepharose FF cation column and then detected with 12% SDS-PAGE, it exists mainly in the eluted peak with 300 mmol/L NaCl and has high purity. By using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the recombinant protein was examined for reactivity with immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in 6 sera from patients infected with Toxoplasma gondii ., it was reactive with all the 6 sera but not with sera from normal people, these results showed that the recombinant chimeric antigen has good antigenicity and specificity and could be used for detection of IgM against Toxoplasma gondii. The expressed chimeric protein could be used for epidemic investigation of Toxoplasma gondii, blood donor screening, especially for detection of pregnant women, and is of great significance in prevention of Toxoplasma gondii infection.